The Impact of the European Union on British Employment Relations Essay

The Impact of the European Union on British Employment Relations - Essay Example The paper tells that the subject of employment relationship has been established with the help of an interdisciplinary method through conceptions and ideas that have been determined from sociology, psychology, and history. Employee relations can be of an individual dimension which is based upon the belief of every employee or can be of the collective dimension that is based upon the relationship between the management of an organization and the trade unions. Employment relationship in Britain has had a significant impact on the European Union. It has been observed that there is a long history regarding Britain’s employment relations that is considerably affected by the European Union (EU). Britain has witnessed a reduction in the trade unions. For instance, in the year 1979, there were 475 trade unions which reduced to 221 in the year 2000 and in the year 2001 the number of trade unions reduced to 206. These figures reveal that there has been a significant reduction of trade u nions in the recent years. The EU has led to an influential change in the labor law of Britain in relation to socio-economic, socio-demographic and managerial changes. Emphasis has been given to the quality of work amid the unions and the employers due to which there has been a decline in the quality of labor. There has been a rise in problems relating to the work-life balance due to which the EU directives have taken the initiative to improve this balance through egalitarianism, physical well-being, security and social dialogue. Employers have revealed that there has been an upsurge in the level of stress for the employees due to the increase in the qualitative requirements of the product and high competition. The EU legislation has not established any specific policy to provide the trade unions a greater power for negotiation.

The rules if youre not religious. Discuss Essay Example for Free

The rules if youre not religious. Discuss Essay In this democratic age we vote in those people (or party) who we want to rule our country and in turn create our laws. However this is a very old system, which some could argue takes its basis from the 10 Commandments from the Old Testament. If this is the case, in a growing atheistic state, why should you follow the rules if you are not religious, for which the 10 Commandments were designed for? In London, it is illegal to flag down a taxi if you have the plague. This law has an obvious provenance; during the Black Death, in order to prevent the spread of the disease. However nowadays, this previously appropriate law is out of date and obsolete. How can something created thousands of years ago still be relevant to modern life? A more secular set of laws would be more appropriate and representative to govern the people. The 10 Commandments are very inflexible; they don’t take into account the situation and are inexorable. For instance, there are some cases when you should lie i. e. for the greater good. However in this narrow and oppressive set of laws, this is never allowed, which is against our autonomy. The 10 Commandments do not mention any form of punishment, for religious people they wouldn’t need any deterrence, just the idea of serving God and going to Heaven. So in effect, the actual punishment for each of these crimes has been created by man, and therefore a crime which God thought was insignificant, could hold a serious punishment. There is also the need for a system to decide and enforce this system. This set of laws is designed for those who are religious, but with people who hold different views, they are going to disagree with them. You also need lots of laws to avoid loop-holes as these laws are very general. However, in spite of a large proportion of people are not religious, they will still hold similar ideals to those who are; good and bad, right and wrong. The Ten Commandments are a universal set of rules which show indisputable and clear criteria for right and wrong. Aside from laws, they cover morality as well: â€Å"Honour your father and your mother† and â€Å"You shall not covet you neighbour’s hut†. These views should be inherent in everybody as they lead to a good upbringing and moral understanding. We need rules as it is unrealistic to expect people to do the right thing. For example, to try and prevent speeding, speed cameras were introduced. But now people speed as they used to, but slow down just to pass the camera. Our system of laws has changed and diversified over many years. This means that even if these original Commandments were used to base new laws on, they will have changed and been tweaked over the years. Also any inherently good person (even if they’re not religious) would want to have religious ideals as they lead to a good and fulfilling life. In conclusion, it is necessary to follow the rules even if you’re not religious, for nowadays they are not as heavily based on religion, but still hold good, moral and relevant views.

The Black Panther Party Essay -- essays research papers fc

"There is nothing more dangerous than a large segment of people in society that feel that they have no place or stake in it, who feel they have nothing to lose. People who have stake in the society perpetuate that society, when they don't have it, they unconsciously want to destroy it." Unknown As a culture, we are told how to act, think, and speak among other things. We are taught to do what is considered "right" and if we choose not to, we are punished, ridiculed, and considered a menace to society. We are considered thuggish and belittled and put down for living in an alternative way. Don't get me wrong, there is some good in having a controlled society because it brings some order and stability within our society. However, the questions at hand are, could there be a way for those who do realize that we're being controlled to free themselves from the power and control that causes them to become oppressed? Could it be that we are bound and constrained and unable to have some type of agency in order to be free? If we can free ourselves, what type of agency is used? These questions are the basis for my paper. I plan to present examples of control and oppression through the film Panther that shows the struggle of the Black Panther Party of Self-Defense. The film takes place in the 1960's and it shows the struggles that the members had to go through in order to form some type of agency to free themselves from the control and oppression that the government had over their lives and their community. Huey Newton and Bobby Seale were two African-American men growing up in the ghetto of California where they saw and experienced racism and police brutality. There voices weren't heard when it came to their communities and it took three young children to die by car crashes, and a peaceful candlelight vigil that turned into a fight between a neighborhood and the police (In which the police covered up their badges so that no one could report them to the police department) for them to want to make... ...oes have a place in society because without it, there would be no stability within our society and everything would be chaotic and confusing. However, for those who don't want to be controlled, and do have a form of agency which they feel will free them really don't seem to be free anyway. It seems to me that no matter what you do, say, or learn you are always controlled. I thought that the fact that the Panther Party becoming knowledgeable would have worked very well but soon some laws were changed such as the one concerning being able to carry firearms as long as they were in clear view. After all they went through they still weren't free. Many of the Panthers were either killed while fighting for the cause or are now political prisoners. So, from my observation, the only agency available to free oneself from oppression is, to become knowledgeable and that only works to a certain extent. I guess there is no plain yes or no answer to my question about whether we can free ourselves from oppression. It's as if you think you've won when you really haven't. Works Cited Panther. Dir. Mario Van Peebles. Polygram Video. 1995.

Traditional Ways Or Not :: essays research papers

Traditional Ways Or Not From generation to generation plays have become a major part of our existence. For some families customs and traditions can either make or break a family. Some family traditions mean a lot. However breaking a family custom can start major uproars or even serious altercations between family members. For some families fights and altercations cam also bring them closer as a family. In the play " A Doll House " written by Henrik Isben, conflicts and customs play important roles for the survival of the Helmer family. For Nora Helmer growing up in the shadow of her husband Torvald and her father was Nora 's way of life. In the play " A Doll House " Nora is faced with a past mistake which leaves her in disbelief. Throughout the play Nora tries to hide the secret from her husband , but runs into a problem. Nils Krogstad who was fired from the bank by Torvald is going to blackmail Nora if she does not help him get his job at the bank back. " When your husband was ill, you came to me to borrow two hundred and fifty pounds." ( Isben, 22). Nora must tell her husband Torvald that she has taken money without his consent, which in those days was against the law. Nora is faced with a very serious matter which can end her marriage if Torvald finds out about the loan. At the end of the play Torvald finds out about the loan which ends the marriage and breaks up the family for good. This shows how important family customs and traditions mean to the Helmer family. To some people having a family means everything in the world. Nora on the other hand leaving her husband and children behind was easy to do. At the end of the play Nora Helmer leaves her family do to the fact that she does not love her Husband Torvald anymore. " No, I have never been happy. I thought I was, but it has never really been so. I must try to educate myself- you are not the man to help me in that. I must do that for myself. And that is why I am going to leave you now." ( Isben, 66). Nora feels that she has been treated unfairly and needs to move on. Torvald forgives Nora, but it is not enough to keep her around any longer.

Development Study

Development study is a branch in social sciences that explores issues relating developing countries. Historically it has focused on social and economic development therefore may extend its significance to other regions and communities apart from concentration on the developing world. There are various approaches that conceptualize development studies. Among them are the modernization and dependency theories. This paper focuses to explore their similarities and difference in their significance to development studies.Dependency theory is a social science approach that argues that the developed nation draws resources from underdeveloped nations making them richer at the expense of their counterparts. The proponent of this theory is Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Milvin Defleur (1976). Dependency theory initially was in the communication discipline but merged out integrating several prospects. It merges prospects from psychology from social category theory, from causal approaches, media effects and traditions as well as contextual philosophy.â€Å"in its urge to appropriate productive forces for the purpose of exploitation, capital ransacks the entire world, provides itself with the means of production from all corners of the earth, obtaining these from all levels of civilization and from all forms of society† (Perry 1996. p. 35) It sometimes referred to as underdevelopment theory based upon Marxist theory in other words, it assumes that wealth western nation uses their superior status to exploit peripheral weaker nations reflecting earlier colonial bonds. These under developed nations expose their economical and political structure maintaining their reliance on developed nations.They become developmentally enslaved mastered by the west. Some argument exist that tourism has evolved somehow reflecting economic dependency and colonialism. However, potential underdevelopment resulting from dependency is the main focus. (Bramswell 2004. p. 323) Modernization on the oth er hand argues that low economically empowered societies can develop if only they seize from their traditional methods and adapt to modern technologies, cultural values and economic institutions that puts an emphasis on productive investment and savings.The social institutions and traditional values of low income nations hinder their effectiveness in economy. Most of people in undeveloped society have low work ethics, they usually consume without thinking of investing in the future. Most of these societies have large families therefore saving money for investing is almost impossible. They therefore rag behind in their economic ability (Griffiths & Giddens 2006 p . 405) Modernization tends to criticize Marxist theory. It emphasizes the process of change and the reason to that change.Marquis de Condorcet is among the proponents of this theory. His argument was that, people's cultural values and morals in the society can be changed by economical and technological advancement. He encour aged technological advancement arguing that it helps society have control to the environment and adapt to it. He argued that technological advancement encourage social progress. (Soylent communications 2008) Modernization theory contrasts the dependency theory in a number of ways.In many parts of the world where it have ever been applied, it has failed to take into account historical and social factors influencing development. Such factors are like the traditional social structures, colonialism, and religious factors. Natural past outcomes have also not put into account and which may have affected a society; famine, floods, volcanic activities and other natural environmental conflicts. Many nations like the Middle East historical process influenced its development.It emphasis on modern values in development cannot be fully relied as the back born to development. The historical processes in politics, economic, cultural, educational of a society influence its development. Development theory argument that richer nations exploits less developed nations natural resources contrast the free market that advances poor states to full economic growth. The international market gives every nation an opportunity to realize it full economic growth.It is through this freedom that a society can take advantage to purchase modern values that can help it develop. A poorer state can purchase new technological advancement improving production in its industries which in return will improve it economy. However, dependency theory contrasts this situation arguing that it is exploitation. Dependency theory argument that colonialism of undeveloped nations still exist is a contrast to modernization. In the previous century, many undeveloped countries evoked from colonialism after realizing their independence.This independence was not granted to just political matters but also to the economy and social structures. Most of these nations have their natural resources still fully unexploited. Not because their former colonial master have not exploited these but because they lack modern facilities which would help them. This therefore is a contrast to modernization. The continued reliance on colonial masters should not be argued as a modern colonialism. It is evident that the colonialist had an influence politically, economically and socially to their colonies.Therefore, these nations will tend to consult their colonial masters as well as trade with them even in the modern world. Contrast between dependency theory and modernization exist in their views on international dimensions that influence economic development of a nation. These dimensions include tourism, trade, global investment and many others. Dependency argues that tourism, free trade and global investment are a reflection of the dependency that exists between the developed and undeveloped world. Most of the global investors are from the developed world.This is also in tourism. Dependency theory proponents argue s that this is a clean indication of how developed nations exploits the less developed for their growth. Modernization on the other hand views this kind of relation to enhance purchase and adoption of modern technologies. Trade exposes undeveloped countries acquire modern technology. In enhancing tourism, the undeveloped countries adopt new technology to maximize turn outs. Though global investors’ targets at making profits, they as well enhance modernity in less developed nations.Dependency theory puts into accounts exogenous and indigenous political processes which have a role in national continuity and formation. It puts into account changing circumstances like religious background of nation. However, modernization contrasts this as its main emphasis is on new technology influence on development. Its notion of class difference which challenges it universality contrast dependency theory. In addition, modernization ignores rural poverty, unemployment, inflation, economic and political dependency and the growing gap between the poor and the rich.This contrasts dependency theory. (Paidar 2005) Though these two theories contrast, their arguments are both very effective in development studies. Development in a society is a complex issue which primarily may depend on modernization and dependency theory as well as other concepts in the society. Whichever perspective one would take, development is about the nature of a society economic, political and social ability. However if modernization and dependency theories are merged, they would have a more efficient development studies description on a particular society.

The Cross and the Switchblade essays

The Cross and the Switchblade essays The book I am writing about is The Cross and the Switchblade written by The Reverend David Wilkerson. It is a true story about an inexperienced country preachers vision to help teenage boys who are in trouble. The story starts when the reverend reads an article in Life Magazine about seven teenage boys on trial for the brutal murder of teenage polio victim named Michael Farmer. The reverend cried over the article and pictures, and then he was overtaken by a call from God to go help those boys in New York. He has a hard time dealing with his calling but finally reveals it to his wife and then the church congregation. He reluctantly gets support from the church and takes the youth director with him. Together they traveled 350 miles from Pennsylvania to a New York court house to try to visit the boys on trial. They are kicked out of the court house by the police. This gains them respect by the gangs on the streets. Then for the next two years he makes weekly trips to New York. S lowly but surely he builds a good relationship with different street gangs. During those two years he gains support spiritually and financially from several different types of supporters. He builds a center in New York to save teenagers from drugs and crime. All lead through prayer. This story starts in 1958 and was last printed in 1967 but it does not end there. Today there are centers in several cities in probably every state; they are the Teen Challenge Centers. It is a Christian ministry that has restored hope to tens of thousands of teens. Reverend David Wilkerson described him self as others saw him, a Bible waving country preacher with his hair standing up on his head. He was a man of average height with a slender build and brown hair. The reverend is a helper to everyone he meets. He knows that he is a steward of God doing only what he has prayerfully considered and knows is God directed. He ha ...

Mice and Men Compare and Contrast Essays

Mice and Men Compare and Contrast Essays Mice and Men Compare and Contrast Paper Mice and Men Compare and Contrast Paper Many movies are derived from novels, and all of them have major differences from the book version. While there are many similarities in the movie and the book Of Mice and Men, there are many differences also. Some differences are presented through the characters, scenes, and the way the actors play their roles. Sense wanted to get the story done within a time limit, so It was less detailed than the book. In Steinbeck novel, character image plays a crucial role In the story. Slim was considered the prince of the ranch, and was Important to the ranch. He was looked p to by the other ranch-hands, and was always asked for his advice on subjects they needed help on. Curly wifes Isolation was her motivation for being a flirt, because she did not know any other way to be, or how to start talking to another man other than her husband. The mall difference Is that Gary Senses story starts out backwards and Is told through flashbacks. The setting In the novel Is only different In where the bunkhouse Is described. Crooks played an average sasss semi bondage Negro in the movie. The plot was largely differentiated in each media. The most important one, however, was in the end where George killed Leonie. The bunkhouse wasnt a very material area; it was just described through the light it contained. She was considered off limits to everyone, and was known as Curlers property. His character was displayed through his room rather than his actions and name like in the novel. The settings in the movie Of Mice and Men were almost identical to the settings that were described in the novel. The story was set in the united States near mountains and streams, ranch country. At the start of chapter 2 Steinbeck described the bunk house and in the movie it looks Just as he describes. The bunk house was a long rectangular building. Inside, the walls were whitewashed and the floor unpainted. In three walls there were small, square windows, and in the forth a solid door with a wooden latch. Against the wall were eight bunks, five of them made up with blackest and the other three showing their burlap ticking. Over each bunk there was a nailed an apple box with opening forward so that it made two shelves for the personal belongings of the occupant of the bunk Pig. 7 The interesting thing about the movie is the characters were always in the right setting when an event happened lust as described in the book. In the film when Leonie talks to Crooks the setting Is in Crooks room in the novel it is the same Crooks settled himself more comfortably on his bunk set down, he invited set down on the nail keg Pig. 70 In the film when George kills Hurlers wife it takes place In the barn while all the others are playing horseshoes outside in the novel It Is the same He pawed up the hay until It partly covered her . From outside the barn came a cry of men and the double clang of shoes on metal. Pig. 92. Not only are the characters In the right setting at the right time they are also well portrayed. In the movie version Of Mice and Men the characters are as I Imagined them In my head. Leonie was a character that was well portrayed. This Is the physical description of Leonie A huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes, with wide, sloping shoulders; and he walk heavily dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws. His arms did not swing at his side, but hung loosely pig. Leonie was also slow In ten nana; teeny menthol Tanat In ten story. Lend looked and acted the way I pictured him. Other characters were also portrayed very well, George, Lenses only friend is described as being small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp, strong features. Every part of him was defined: small, small hands, slender arms, a thin and bony nose. Pig. 2 In the movie this physical description fits him well. All character descriptions fit the characters in the movie. The movie had many differences while still giving the same message that the book was portrayed to have. One of the major differences was that Candy never came into the room when Leonie and Crooks were talking to each other. This was major because Crooks never found out that the plan was true about the little house. In the book after he heard Candy talk about it he wanted to get in on the deal. Also the movie it never showed Leonie have his illusions of his Aunt Carla and the rabbits when he was waiting by the pond. The last major difference was that George never hesitated to shoot Leonie in the movie and in the book it was very hard for him. After George shot Leonie, Slim came to comfort George and take him out for a drink. The characters in the novel and the movie had many differences. In the book George was shown to hate Curler with a passion. In the movie George didnt seem to like Curler too much but he definitely didnt hate him like in the book. In the movie Curlers wife mimed to be attracted to Leonie and enjoyed his presence because he was nice. In the book she talked to him only because she was amused by Liens stupidity. Leonie was explained as a beast in the book and, his shoulders could fill the doorway. In the movie he was stronger and bigger than the others were but not to the extreme amount that the book portrayed him to be. Every other thing about Leonie was extremely as the book told it. * George and Leonie are shown sneaking into a train at night to escape from Weed. This was not mentioned in the book. * The bus is shown to be heading for Tyler Ranch which angers George as the bus driver old him and Leonie to get off the bus earlier on in the movie. * In the movie, Slim tells George to bring a mule with a sore foot to the barn.

The Most Dangerous Game essays

The Most Dangerous Game essays The dramatic situation of The Most Dangerous Game is not extremely complex, but it is a very good story that has been recreated many times since its publish date. The setting is set mainly on a large island in the Caribbean Sea, and the conflicts tell a classic story of good versus evil between the two main characters, Rainsford and Zaroff. Irony and foreshadowing make the story a little more mysterious. The Most Dangerous Game has always been one of my favorite short stories. For these reasons, I have decided to write my analysis on Richard Connells The Most Dangerous Game. The story begins on a yacht in the Caribbean Sea. The protagonist, Sanger Rainsford, is talking to one of his good friends, Whitney, about the trip that they are taking to hunt along the Amazon River. Rainsford, at some point during the night, falls off of the yacht, and must swim to a nearby shore. He arrives at a small island called Ship-Trap Island. Rainsford hears gunshots in the distance and follows them to a great mansion. Here Rainsford finds General Zaroff, the antagonist. Zaroff welcomes Rainsford with open arms and treats him to a great feast. During the meal, Zaroff and Rainsford discuss hunting different types of game. The general suggest that he and Rainsford hunt in the morning. When Rainsford realizes that Zaroff hunts humans, whom are much harder to hunt because they can reason, he refuses. Because of this refusal, Zaroff decides to hunt Rainsford. Rainsford must then run and hide from the general in the woods. During the next three days, Rainsford and Za roff have three separate encounters. Each of these encounters ends with Zaroff walking away giving Rainsford another chance. The final encounter turns the tide on Zaroff as Rainsford sneaks into Zaroffs bedroom and kills him. The setting of this story is on an island in the Caribbean Sea. Within the island are a few areas that the storys action ...

Healthcare Solutions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare Solutions - Research Paper Example This ensures deep industry expertise is employed in delivering demonstrated benefits that include savings. Studies show that many benefits that associate with the involvement of a healthcare solutions company. This may include; deeper savings, this because a prospective kind of management that is employed through adoption of market leading technology (Plunkett, 2009). It is an efficient way that provides a single source of worker`s compensations including auto solutions in a more amicable way. This allows easy tracking of issues that may need urgent attention. It is the most essential way that serves to reduce administrative costs and time as it engages seamless customer service in its operations, a factor that is beneficial to both parties involved. However, there are that are associated with such healthcare solution companies despite many advantages involved with the healthcare solution services. It is with this point that the problems need to be discussed to in a bit to find ways of implementing improvements to better service provision. According to studies, innovations in healthcare solution provision are associated with many difficulties. It is revealed that the process of packaging and delivering healthcare solutions is in efficient and consumer unfriendly in the United States. Many of the problems however, range from soaring cost of health care, many medical errors. This problems needs to be fixed through innovation in all aspects of health care solution provision. However, their various issues or problems associated with innovation that hinders the whole process. There are hindering forces that inhibit innovation; the health care sector comprises of many stakeholders with different interests and agendas. Because of subst antial powers and resources that such players may have, they may use the resources and power to influence public policies through direct or indirect attack against innovators. For instance, many a times, doctors

Yahoo Hands On Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Yahoo Hands On Case - Research Paper Example panies can directly communicate with the potential customers and motivate them to take required steps like making call to a toll free number or visiting a website so that they can assist the company to raise its revenue. Companies often use filters to identify the target customers so that chances of converting potential customers are high. Often a single successful sale can pay for the cost made for the whole campaign. Hence, effective direct marketing is a cost effective way to market the product and services to the targeted customers. Through direct marketing the company can convey all the required information regarding products and services to the target customers in a more personalised manner. The customers can clear all their doubts regarding the products and services and hence it is quite easy to inspire them. As compared to other forms of marketing, direct marketing is one of the most personalised and effective one (Baverstock, p.95). Direct marketing is not equivalent to mass marketing. Rather it is more like one to one marketing process. Companies often use sophisticated form of data management tools to identify the target customers who possess specific characteristics. Direct marketing helps companies to focus on these target customers to convey the specific information. Such selective nature enhances the success rate of direct marketing (Baverstock, p.95). Direct marketing also helps companies to select the best time for arrival of sales message to the target customers. This further makes the process of marketing more effective (Baverstock, p.96). For example, companies often inform customers about arrival of new collection of designer clothes in their shopping malls in end of November or in early December because this is the time people start their shopping for Christmas. Conveying relevant information to the target people at the right time is the main reason behind the success of direct marketing. Direct marketing should not be considered as a

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 6

Marketing - Essay Example come the basic idea of marketing just before the discovery of internet marketing, it is important to understand the level in which businesses or firms have eventually evolved based on their capacity to introduce their offerings to prospective customers. Part of this paper prior to arguing the impact of internet on the dominant logic of marketing is the discussion of the basic concept of marketing. The basic information about this portion is the basis of probable identification on the level if any; the marketing concept has evolved from the basic. Marketing as we know about it is composed of sub functions such as selling, advertising and promotions. These sub functions are common areas where companies can actually establish their corporate advantage (Kotler and Keller, 2008). What makes marketing so alive today is due to underlying five orientations guiding any marketing effort of any organisation in their marketing activities. These five orientations involved production concept, product concept, selling concept, marketing concept and societal marketing concept. Products or services are two most common offerings of companies, but today some of them seldom get much attention because of poor communication of information given to people. Some might have encountered a certain product or service but do not care enough due to lack of details or familiarity about it. A market-driven strategy is therefore important in order to get the consumers acquainted with company’s offerings. One of the ways to depict a market-driven company is to observe their interaction with their target buyers. Companies are always looking forward to unfed needs of their customers and thus they usually reward them with corresponding solutions. This is the case of customer-centered way of dealing business with marketing (Kotler and Keller, 2008). However, what seems to be the most significant and contrasting part here lies on the capacity of each firm to convey or impart information to its

Globalization in its earliest stages Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Globalization in its earliest stages - Assignment Example the Mongols, the European engagement with the Americas, the relevance of the sack of Constantinople and Aztecs, the link between trade, culture, contact and conquest and the link between Marco and Columbus. The Mongols is an ethno-linguistic group found in Northern and Central Asia that was conquered in the thirteenth century. This conquest is regarded as one of the deadliest conflicts in the history of humanity. It led to the creation of the Mongols Empire that covered the larger part of Eastern Europe and Asia, and impacted many societies globally. For example, the trade routes and exchange of new technologies, ideas and goods affected the way societies lived. The fear of Mongol conflict changed the manner the society lived.   Moreover, the information and ideas exchanged during the Mongol invasion was instrumental in the enlightenment and advancement of numerous societies.  Gunn suggests that the Mongolian invasions of Eurasia enabled globalization to spread through the peoples thus providing the last period of cultural exchange before the modern period (8). Early civilizations witnessed as a result of this conquest included the inception of calendar making, observational astronomy, higher skilled mathematics, use of bronze cannon and coal mining. Without globalization, these ideas may never have come easily to Europeans.   As a result, the Mongols’ conquest was a significant contribution to early globalization. The Sack of Constantinople in 1204 destroyed sections of the Byzantine Empire headquarters as the city was conquered by Venetian and Western European Crusaders. This conquest led to the introduction of new cultures, technology and ideas which contributed to globalization of societies. The Aztec Empire, on the other hand, located in North America; modern-day southern Mexico, was well-known for being religiously united in every boundary of the empire (9). However, it was conquered in 1520 by Cortez thus resulting in the exchange of religions between

World Political History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World Political History - Essay Example This led to deaths of majority foreigners leading to political wrangles between the Yugoslavian leaders and the Soviet Union. This led to the creation of strongly organized military force. Therefore, this led to the development of powerful armament in the nation in order to counter enemies. This led to depression of the nation’s economy and deterioration of foreign relations. What are the threats in your country? Different political ideologies Yugoslavia experienced conflicting political ideologies among its key leaders. This was due to the existence of both nationalists and communists in the country. This posed a nationwide threat as it led to increased conflicts among different political parties. The communists conflicted with the nationalists as both craved to control the country (Rajak 2011). This led to increased human fear as this signaled an outbreak of another war in the country. This was highly influenced by leading nationalists and communist nations that tried to inf luence their ideologies in Yugoslavia (Rajak). Ethnicity Aftermath of the Second World War was marked by increased ethnicity in all nations that participated in the war. This was due to settlement of war soldiers and captives in foreign countries. Yugoslavia experienced high levels of ethnicity as many war captives, and soldiers who were of foreign origin were retained as captives. This led to increased human suffering in the nation leading to frequent mass protests in the country. This created high tension among the population leading to fear of ethnic clashes among the natives (Rajak 2011). Disintegration of Yugoslavia Moreover, Yugoslavia disintegrated into different nations that sought for self-governance. These conflicts among different... According to the paper Yugoslavia entered the conflict as it tried to align to Soviet Union that dominated the Eastern Europe due to factors such as strong military base, organized military forces, economic success, foreign relations and strong political organization. This caused increased hatred among the local natives and the ethnic Germans leading to increased tension. This led to deaths of majority citizens with no media coverage unlike in other nations. The paper makes a conclusion that Yugoslavia experienced conflicting political ideologies among its key leaders. This was due to the existence of both nationalists and communists in the country. This posed a nationwide threat as it led to increased conflicts among different political parties. The communists conflicted with the nationalists as both craved to control the country. The U.S influenced the International Monetary Fund to give them loans which they were unable to pay. The Yugoslavia government collapsed, and that ended communism leading to disintegration of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia disintegrated into different nations that sought for self-governance. These conflicts among different communities were as Germany and Austria-Hungary wanted to expand their territories. People of Yugoslavia particularly politicians fled to United Kingdom where they formed a committee for the creation of united Yugoslavia. However, it was crushed by Nazi Germany. The people of Yugoslavia resisted the communist’s rule in protests.

Globalization in its earliest stages Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Globalization in its earliest stages - Assignment Example the Mongols, the European engagement with the Americas, the relevance of the sack of Constantinople and Aztecs, the link between trade, culture, contact and conquest and the link between Marco and Columbus. The Mongols is an ethno-linguistic group found in Northern and Central Asia that was conquered in the thirteenth century. This conquest is regarded as one of the deadliest conflicts in the history of humanity. It led to the creation of the Mongols Empire that covered the larger part of Eastern Europe and Asia, and impacted many societies globally. For example, the trade routes and exchange of new technologies, ideas and goods affected the way societies lived. The fear of Mongol conflict changed the manner the society lived.   Moreover, the information and ideas exchanged during the Mongol invasion was instrumental in the enlightenment and advancement of numerous societies.  Gunn suggests that the Mongolian invasions of Eurasia enabled globalization to spread through the peoples thus providing the last period of cultural exchange before the modern period (8). Early civilizations witnessed as a result of this conquest included the inception of calendar making, observational astronomy, higher skilled mathematics, use of bronze cannon and coal mining. Without globalization, these ideas may never have come easily to Europeans.   As a result, the Mongols’ conquest was a significant contribution to early globalization. The Sack of Constantinople in 1204 destroyed sections of the Byzantine Empire headquarters as the city was conquered by Venetian and Western European Crusaders. This conquest led to the introduction of new cultures, technology and ideas which contributed to globalization of societies. The Aztec Empire, on the other hand, located in North America; modern-day southern Mexico, was well-known for being religiously united in every boundary of the empire (9). However, it was conquered in 1520 by Cortez thus resulting in the exchange of religions between

Intermediate Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Intermediate Microeconomics - Essay Example es alike : all declared bankruptcy and the State had to infuse millions of $s into the economy in the form of economic stimulus to keep the economy from completely crunching. "This collapse in housing value is sucking in all borrowers," said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moodys Economy.com. The New York Times quotes â€Å"Like subprime mortgages, many prime loans made in the United States in recent years allowed borrowers to pay less initially and face higher adjustable payments a few years later. As long as home prices were rising, these borrowers could refinance their loans or sell their properties to pay off their mortgages. But now, with prices falling and lenders clamping down, homeowners with solid credit are starting to come under the same financial stress as those with subprime credit.† An article in the WSJ [2007] speaks about the sub prime crisis and its analysis by the Journal., â€Å"To examine the surge in subprime lending, the Wall Street Journal analyzed more than 250 million records on mortgage applications and originations filed by lenders under the federal Home Mortgage Disclosure Act. Subprime mortgages were initially aimed at lower-income consumers with spotty credit. But the data contradict the conventional wisdom that subprime borrowers are overwhelmingly low-income residents of inner cities. Although the concentration of high-rate loans is higher in poorer communities, the numbers show that high-rate lending also rose sharply in middle-class and wealthier communities†. According to the same article, even in 2006, when the housing market was weakening, some lenders were still willing to make riskier loans. The analysis of loan data by The Wall Street Journal indicates that from 2004 to 2006, when residential property prices were at their peak i n many parts of the country, more than 2,500 banks, thrifts, credit unions and mortgage companies made a combined $1.5 trillion in high-interest-rate loans.†This article describes how the subprime

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Essay Example for Free

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Essay Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was the great great-granddaughter of â€Å"a potato-famine Irish immigrant† who worked as a superintendent of the public schools of New York City (TV. com, 2007). Her father was a handsome Wall Street banker by the name of John Bouvier III (â€Å"Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis†). She spent the early years of her life between East Hampton and New York City. Attending some of the finest private schools, Jacqueline learned to ride as well as write stories and poems. As a matter of fact, she won an equestrian championship at the tender age of five (TV. com). She was an artist to boot, and she knew ballet. Jacqueline had a sister with whom she arrived later in Newport near Washington D. C. where her stepfather’s home was located (â€Å"Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy†). During the depression, her parents had lost their wealth and divorced (â€Å"Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis†). In 1947, Jacqueline was named â€Å"the Debutante of the Year (â€Å"Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy†). Despite her â€Å"social success,† she desired to continue studying (â€Å"Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy†). As a student of Vassar, she had the opportunity to travel far and wide. She spent an entire year in France before her graduation (â€Å"Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy†). After all, in her youth Jacqueline had dreamt of taking up photography as a profession in France. She had also dreamt of living an absolutely bohemian life in Paris (Melloy, 2006). All of her dreams were not realized. Nevertheless, Jacqueline grew to love the people of France (â€Å"Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy†). She also got to work as an Inquiring Photographer for The Washington Times-Herald. This was her very first job. When Jacqueline won a writing contest that was sponsored by Vogue magazine, she was offered the chance to work with Vogue as well. But, she turned down her prize offer to work with the magazine (TV. com). Besides John F. Kennedy and the rich Greek-Argentine, Aristotle Onassis, whom she married a few years after the death of the President Kennedy, Jacqueline is known to have dated Frank Sinatra, Gianni Agnelli, Marlon Brando, Peter Lawford, Warren Beatty, William Holden, John Husted, Jr. , and Maurice Tempelsman (â€Å"Who is dating Jacqueline Onassis,† 2007). No wonder she was considered the most beautiful and glamorous lady in the United States (Melloy). Besides, she was a rather enchanting lady as far as her spoken language was concerned. Some of her interesting quotes include the following: (1) â€Å"I dont think there are any men who are faithful to their wives;† (2) â€Å"There are two kinds of women, those who want power in the world and those who want power in bed;† (3) The one thing I do not want to be called is First Lady. It sounds like a saddle horse;† (4) â€Å"I always wanted to be some kind of writer or newspaper reporter. But after college I did other things (TV. com). † The wedding dress that Jacqueline wore the day she married Kennedy is known to have taken two months to tailor and fifty â€Å"yards of ivory silk taffeta (TV. com). † Despite her love for Kennedy, the latter is known to have had a large number of flings with different women. He also gave to Jacqueline a â€Å"dose of Chlamydia,† which she believed was responsible for her miscarriage, followed by a premature delivery of a child who did not survive (Melloy). Melloy suggests that Jacqueline’s non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma toward the end of her life may also have been caused by Chlamydia. What is more, it was not just Kennedy who had betrayed her. Jacqueline experienced physical abuse during her marriage with Aristotle Onassis. Thus, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis was a glamorous and a tragic figure at the same time (Melloy). References Jackie Kennedy. Think Quest. Retrieved Nov 18, 2007, from http://library. thinkquest. org/TQ0312172/flkennedy. html. Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. The Biography Channel. Retrieved Nov 18, 2007, from http://www. thebiographychannel. co. uk/biography_story/130:2380/1/Jackie_Kennedy. htm Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy. The White House. Retrieved Nov 18, 2007, from http://www. whitehouse. gov/history/firstladies/jk35. html. Melloy, K. (2006, Apr 8). The Secret Memoirs of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. Retrieved Nov 18, 2007, from http://www. edgeboston. com/index. php? ci=ch=entertainmentsc=bookssc2=reviews

Human Resource Management Law Example

Human Resource Management Law Example 1. There is a page in the Companys Employee Handbook that states that anything brought onto the Companys property, including the employees themselves, is subject to random search for items belonging to the Company. There is a space for the employee to acknowledge receipt of this notice. Mr. Yourprop has a copy of the handbook but never signed the page. Does that matter? Explain. Even though it is best practice to have an employee sign any company polity or handbook, it is not required by law. Handbooks should also be signed if there are any major updates to the company policies and procedures. Because the handbook outlines the policies and procedures of the company, it is important for the employees to acknowledge and promise to abide by them. The acknowledgement of the company policies and procedures can create an employment contract between the company and the employee. It there is ever an issue between the company and the employee, the acknowledgement ensures that the employee was aware of the companys policies and procedures. It is often misunderstood that be refusing or forgetting to sign the handbook means that an employee is longer held responsible for following the companys policies contained in it. A company cannot force an employee to sign the acknowledgment. However, they can get supervisors to sign for them stating that the employee received the handbook. Should a legal issues come up, the company has proof the employee was aware of the policies and procedure of the company. (Employee Handbooks, 2014) 2. Can you (or Mr. Yourprops supervisor) search Yourprops assigned locker in the Companys on-site gym for digital evidence? Support your answer. The lockers are owned by the company and are provided to the employee for their convenience. Most likely the companys handbook would include policies regarding the use of all of the facilities owned by the company and provided to the employee, including a provision to search such facilities. Mr. Yourprop is believed to be in possession of stolen material, creating reasonable suspicion. In the case of OConnor v. Ortega, 480 U.S. 709 (1987) in regards to administrative searches at the workplace, the Supreme Court ruling stands that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦only reasonable suspicion is necessary for search to be conducted. (Wikipedia, OConnor v. Ortega) 3. Can you (or Mr. Yourprops supervisor) use a master key to search Yourprops locked desk after he has left the premises for digital evidence? Support your answer. This question, like the previous one, poses the same dilemma. The fact that the supervisor has a master key and can search different areas of the building was most likely included in the company policies. To conduct a search of a private property, a search warrant would be needed. Mr. Yourprop can also argue that the desk is locked and he has a reasonable expectation of privacy. However, the equipment in question is not the property of Mr. Yourprop and so a search warrant is not needed and so he cannot have a reasonable presumption of privacy. (Solomon, 2012) 4. Makestuff Company uses a security checkpoint at the entrance to the building. A sign adjacent to the checkpoint states that the purpose of the checkpoint is for security staff to check for weapons or other materials that may be detrimental to the working environment or employee safety. Screening is casual and usually consists of verification of an employees Company ID card. Can security staff at this checkpoint be directed to open Mr. Yourprops briefcase and seize any potential digital evidence? Support your answer. Employee searches require a delicate balance of the employees rights and those of the business. The Fourth Amendment provides protection against unreasonable search and seizure of their persons, homes, and personal property. This applies to the government, and public work place, however, most private employers are exempt. Private business are allowed a number of techniques when they suspect misconduct. Private employers are allowed random searches of employees personal property such as lunchboxes, purses, briefcases and coats with advance notification. Also, electronic monitoring, surveillance and similar searches would require an employer provides notice to employees of such activity. (Garber, 2008). The company already has this policy in both the handbook and includes a sign at the entrance warning all visitors of their policy. Given that during the exit interview, Mr. Yourprop used language that could be interpreted as having committed criminal activity, the employer already has p robably cause for a search. (King, 2005) 5. Can you (or Mr. Yourprops supervisor) search Yourprops personal vehicle currently parked in the Company parking lot for digital evidence? Support your answer. In this case, the company has a legal right to search the employees vehicle while it is in the company spaces. The company has a policy in place that informed employees that it reserved the right to perform searches on employees to ensure proper policies and procedures are being followed. In this case, the company is trying to protect sensitive data which could be detrimental to the company if stolen. Generally, private employers can also perform personal property searches as long as advance notice is provided to the employee. A search of the vehicle parked on the companys premises is not unreasonable given that the employee was given notice of the potential for vehicle searches and the apparent suspicion of his job-related misconduct. (Workplace Searches, 2015). 6. If evidence of the theft of intellectual property is found, Makestuff Company may seek to pursue criminal prosecution. Can Mr. Yourprops supervisor require local police investigators to search his personal vehicle which is parked on the Company parking lot? Support your answer. The supervisor can legally direct local police to search the employees personal vehicle. The supervisor will notify to police that the vehicle is parked on company property and also contains evidence of criminal activity against the company. The search without a warrant of an automobile does not violate the Fourth Amendment. In 1925, in a case of Carroll v. United States (267 U.S. 132), the Supreme Court ruled that The warrantless search of a car does not violate the Constitution. The mobility of the automobile makes it impracticable to get a search warrant. (Wikipedia, Carroll v. United States). References: 1. Society for Human Resource Management (2014), Employee Handbooks: Should employees be required to sign an acknowledgment form for the employee handbook? What if an employee refuses?, Retrieved on March 28, 2016 from: http://www.shrm.org/templatestools/hrqa/pages/signeehandbook.aspx 2. Wikipedia, OConnor v. Ortega, Retrieved on March 30, 2016 from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OConnor_v._Ortega 3. Solomon, M. (2012) Computer Forensics JumpStart, 2nd Edition 4. Garber, John E. (2008). Introduction to the human resources discipline of workplace safety and security, Retrieved on Retrieved on March 30, 2016 from: https://www.shrm.org/templatestools/toolkits/pages/introsafetyandsecurity.aspx 5. King, G. (2005), A Public Employers Right to Search in the Workplace, Retrieved on April 2, 2016 from: https://www.mml.org/insurance/shared/publications/leaf_newsletter/right_to_search.pdf 6. Workplace fairness, Workplace Searches, Retrieved on April 3, 2016 from: https://www.workplacefairness.org/workplace-searches 7. Wikipedia, Carroll v. United States, Retrieved on April 3, 2016 from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll_v._United_States

David Lachapelle Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

David LaChapelle is an incredible, modern photographer. He combines celebrities with the bizarre. His photography is unique, charged with sexual imagery, and provides a unique view on people you see in the media, today. I chose an article from American Photo, May/June 2003, as the basis of my research paper on David LaChapelle. The magazine has a nice design. It is easy to read the print, and the titles of topics are always visible. You won't turn a page and have to take a minute to figure out what is going on, on that page. Although there are many ads in the magazine, I suppose that one shouldn't expect any less; they're mainly ads for photography-type companies and such. This issue is still plentiful in articles, starting off with a page on Henri Cartier-Bresson. As I skim through American Photo, I finally come to an article on "The 25 Most Important Photographers Now." There's a nice introduction on the first page, about what this article is about, and on the bottom-left corner it starts with the first photographer in the list, Gilles Bensimon. The article has a nice layout, including a picture by each photographer and their name headlined above or below, and each photographer also has a good-sized paragraph about himself or herself. Many, many pages into the "top 25," David LaChapelle finally appears. The bottom half of the page shows LaChapelle's photograph, "Facial," which was taken for Italian Vogue in 2001 ("David LaChapelle"). The paragraph written about him starts off with a self-explanation of his photography: " My pictures are escapist. For me, pictures are fantasies. At the same time, they're a document of our time." The article goes on to explain his photography with more detail, and basically fin... ... plays a major part. The pattern adds to the absurdity of the two girls; their expressions are both totally different. It's actually really hard to tell what this picture is even supposed to be about exactly, but I guess I just love all the colors and the beautifulness of the photograph as a whole. The use of color is an important aspect in David LaChapelle's photography. He uses saturation to a very high extent. As far as almost making his photography seem dreamlike. I think it's beautiful, and I love the bright colors he uses. Even though he may use a lot of computer manipulation, I think LaChapelle's photography shows a distinct honesty throughout his photography. He still shows what is real, but he dramatizes it and puts it in your face. Overall, David LaChapelle is a wonderful photographer, and is obviously continuing to develop his skills as an artist. David Lachapelle Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio David LaChapelle is an incredible, modern photographer. He combines celebrities with the bizarre. His photography is unique, charged with sexual imagery, and provides a unique view on people you see in the media, today. I chose an article from American Photo, May/June 2003, as the basis of my research paper on David LaChapelle. The magazine has a nice design. It is easy to read the print, and the titles of topics are always visible. You won't turn a page and have to take a minute to figure out what is going on, on that page. Although there are many ads in the magazine, I suppose that one shouldn't expect any less; they're mainly ads for photography-type companies and such. This issue is still plentiful in articles, starting off with a page on Henri Cartier-Bresson. As I skim through American Photo, I finally come to an article on "The 25 Most Important Photographers Now." There's a nice introduction on the first page, about what this article is about, and on the bottom-left corner it starts with the first photographer in the list, Gilles Bensimon. The article has a nice layout, including a picture by each photographer and their name headlined above or below, and each photographer also has a good-sized paragraph about himself or herself. Many, many pages into the "top 25," David LaChapelle finally appears. The bottom half of the page shows LaChapelle's photograph, "Facial," which was taken for Italian Vogue in 2001 ("David LaChapelle"). The paragraph written about him starts off with a self-explanation of his photography: " My pictures are escapist. For me, pictures are fantasies. At the same time, they're a document of our time." The article goes on to explain his photography with more detail, and basically fin... ... plays a major part. The pattern adds to the absurdity of the two girls; their expressions are both totally different. It's actually really hard to tell what this picture is even supposed to be about exactly, but I guess I just love all the colors and the beautifulness of the photograph as a whole. The use of color is an important aspect in David LaChapelle's photography. He uses saturation to a very high extent. As far as almost making his photography seem dreamlike. I think it's beautiful, and I love the bright colors he uses. Even though he may use a lot of computer manipulation, I think LaChapelle's photography shows a distinct honesty throughout his photography. He still shows what is real, but he dramatizes it and puts it in your face. Overall, David LaChapelle is a wonderful photographer, and is obviously continuing to develop his skills as an artist.

Dubliners and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock :: essays papers

Dubliners and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Several of Joyce's stories in Dubliners can read as lamentations. They are showing the frustrated inability of man to represent meaning by external means, including written word. When characters in ^Araby^, and ^A Painful Case^ attempt to represent or signify themselves, other characters or abstract spiritual entities with or through words, they not only fail, but end up emotionally ruined. In T.S. Eliots^ poem, ^ The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,^ the feeling relates to one overall issue of emotional investment in representation. The poem laments, and with this theme and the symbols used, it is signified enough to be related to Joyce^s short stories in Dubliners. The name of the story itself and the bazaar-within-the-story, ^Araby^ is the most crucial object of misdirected concentration and sought signification. The boy explains, ^The symbols of the word Araby were called to me through the silence in which my soul luxuriated and cast on eastern enchantment over me.^ Joyce emphasizes the formal properties- ^syllables of the word^- thus granting ^Araby^ a kind of physical, phonetic importance beyond its external meaning. The narrator goes on to describe ^Araby^ as ^the magical name.^ Throughout the piece, the title-word ^Araby^ displays itself as a guiding metaphor. The name of the poem by T.S. Eliot, ^The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock^ is a misdirected concentration that is significant. The title is very ironic. The irony is present with the reader expecting the theme of love, but clashing that idea with the boring and dry name of J. Alfred Prufrock. The poem goes on to describe the journey as one, not of romantic, heartfelt,! or brotherly love, but of one story of frustration. ^A Painful Case,^ demonstrates a more complicated signifying condition. Early in the story, Joyce describes a piece of literature by emphasizing its formal properties, not its ^content.^ ^In the desk lay a manuscript translation of Hauptmann^s Michael Kramer, the stage directions of which were written in a purple, and a little sheaf of papers held together by a brass pin.^ The conspicuous ^purple ink^ and ^brass pin^ highlight the graphic qualities of Duffy^s volume. Joyce goes on to describe Duffy^s odd treatment of the manuscript, again emphasizing actions. ^In these sheets a sentence was inscribes from time to time and, in an ironical moment, the headline of an advertisement for Bile Beans had been pasted on the first sheet. The infrequency of Duffy^s inscription and his ^ironic^ outlook toward the physical text are made clear.

Sonnet Writing

In Judith Rodriguez piece In-flight note, the author illustrates a sonnet within a sonnet that tells the story of a boy writing a love letter on a plane. As she watches over his shoulder, the author acts in an invasive yet inquisitive manner as she intrudes on the love that the boy is trying to express. He seems reluctant to write and torn between his decision to leave and his love for his teenage beau.As she watches him write, â€Å"It’s naive to think we could be just good friends,† she appears to be bitter, frustrated and jaded about love in general. As if a friendship has been loved and lost or a past lover has walked from her in the same way the boy has left. With the use of her language and ideas that she is expressing, it is as though ridiculing the boy for falling in love. As she ends the piece with, â€Å"Pages and pages. And so the whole world ends,† she demonstrates a vivid and dramatic line that reflects a young and teenage love.It shows that the auth or believes that this love is not over and it will continue to play out in life or in thoughts of both the teenagers, for years to come. The striking thing about this sonnet is that although it has a sour feel about it, it is like the author is well aware of heartbreak herself and in criticizing the boy she is in fact criticizing herself from afar. Although the sonnet does not openly reflect a love poem, it still paints a picture of the harsh, cruel heartbreak and pain that it can cause.

Middle Childhood and Adolescences

Human growth development theory is an organized statement of values and generalization that provides an outline for understanding how and why people change as they grow from infant to adulthood. Theorist tries to make sense out of observations and construct a story of the human journey from infancy through childhood or adulthood (P. H. Miller, 2002, p. 2). The theories link proofs with patterns, merging the details of life into a meaningful complete picture of human growth development. Freud and Erickson state that human beings, starting at infancy through adulthood pass a series of psychosexual and psychosocial stages of development.The stages that will be discussed will be a combination of Freud and Erickson oral, identify vs. role of confusion, and phallic stages. There are six stages that Freud elaborated on but the first six years occurs in three stages each characterized by psychosexual pleasure center on difference parts of the body. However, Erikson’s stages differ sig nificantly from Freud’s in that they emphasize family and culture, not sexual urges. He called his theory epigenetic, partly to stress that the expression of genes, as of biological impulses, is powerfully influenced by the social environment (Berger, p. 9, 2010). According to, Freud during the first stage of personality development with is the oral stage from birth to one year, the infant’s tongue, and gums are the focus of pleasurable sensations in the baby’s body, sucking, and feeding are the most stimulating actives. The mouth is an important source for feeding and eating. In addition this allows the infant to develop gratification with pleasure from oral stimulation through activities such as tasting and sucking. Therefore, the infant is completely dependent on its parent or guardian that is responsible for feeding and nurturing the infant.Freud also stated that the oral stimulation could lead to oral dependencies later in life. For example oral personaliti es such as thumb sucking, nail biting, and smoking. These behaviors are exhibit when an individual is under stress (McLeod, S. A. 2008). Phallic Stage is another stage of human growth development. According to, Freud this stage starts at three though six years of age. This stage is when children become aware of their body organs. In additional, adolescences are also aware of their parents and other children that are around them. This pleasure switches between the oral nd anal stage to the phallic stage. The pleasure is not emphasized on the genitals. Freud has stated that the male develops an unconscious desire for the mother. Therefore, the male become in conflict with the adult male or caregiver seeing him as competition for the mother affection. This fixation gives the male an Oedipus complex, which is Freud psychoanalytic theory. This theory is the desire for sexual involvement with parent of opposite sex and a sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex; a crucial stage in the normal developmental process.Girls have been known to have an attraction for their father. This is known as the Electra Complex, but Freud strongly disagreed with this theory (Britannica. com). According to Freud, because strong competition with the male figures the male eventually decide to identify with the father rather than come in conflict with him. Because of this the boy develops masculine characteristics and identifies himself as a male, and represses his sexual feelings toward his mother. A fixation at this stage could result in unacceptable sexual behavior and confused sexual identity according to psychoanalysts (McLeod, S.A. 2008). Identity vs. role confusion is the Erikson six stage of human development. This stage takes place between the ages of 13-18. This is an important stage of development for adolescence because this is the transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescents try to figure out â€Å"who am I? † They establish sexual, political, and vocat ional identities or are confused about what role to play (Berger, p. 19). This stage of human development allows the adolescent to identify what role he will occupy as an adult.In this role the adolescents will re-examine his identify to try to figure out â€Å"Who am I? † Erickson suggests that two identities are involved. These identities involve the sexual an occupational. According to (Bee, 1992) at the end of this stage â€Å"a reintegrate sense of self, or what one wants to do or be, and of one’s appropriate sex role. † During the six stages the body image of the adolescent began to change. This stages is also were the adolescent start to feel uncomfortable about their body for a while until they can adapt and change into their new image.Based upon the outcome of their adapting the adolescent can start to begin to form their own identity. Nevertheless, the adolescent can also start to become confuse about themselves, such as what is their place in the worl d and what they want to be when that grow up. In evaluating Freud Erikson human development theories it has been learned that both saw personality developing throughout a lifecycle of each individual. Each looks at and identified the crises at each stage in development.In addition difference psychologist believe that different phases are more important than other phases, but what most psychologist do agree on it that one stage leads to the next stage. Reference Berger, K. , & S, . (2010). Invitation of the life span. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. McLeod, S. A. (2008). Psychosexual Stages Retrieve from simplypsychology. org/psychosexual from http://www. simplypsychology. org/psychosexual. html Bee, H. L. (1992). The developing child. London: HarperCollins. www. britannica. com

Installation of a firewall policy in a small office - home office Essay

Installation of a firewall policy in a small office - home office (SOHO) environment - Essay Example Consequentially, it has become inevitable to protect these environments from any attack. Though none can claim that a network is totally secure, advanced security measures need always be implemented. In SOHO network, to protect any external intrusion using a firewall, one can consider using either a hardware or software firewall. A hardware firewall is a digital edge device put in a network that serves to allow or disallow network transmissions. A firewall once installed, it protects a network from unauthorised access while permitting only legitimate communications to pass through the network. Most vendors of operating systems (OS) for personal computers include software-based firewall packages in the OSs to protect threats from the public Internet. Different types of firewalls can be implemented at different levels in a network but since in a SOHO environment cost implications are vastly considered, only one level of a firewall can be implemented (Briere et al., 2010). This single l evel of firewall application must be effective enough so as to ensure that any outbound communication is secure. The installation of a firewall is based upon several set of rules that play a great role in deciding the type of a firewall to employ and the overall effectiveness of it. It would an unimportant and impractically costly venture to implement a firewall policy for a large company’s network for a small office/home office network since this firewall would serve as a central offloading point for security-related activity. Through the installation of a firewall appliance in a SOHO environment, client systems can easily share Internet connections. Internet connections pose the main risk to every network whether in a shared or unshared environment. Hackers are constantly finding new ways either to create vulnerabilities in a highly secured network or even to attack any network that would have security vulnerabilities. As technology changes, application-level attacks are gr eatly advancing too. This whole situation has cause a huge tradeoff between the provision of a secure network and the cost of that provision. To secure a network especially one that has access to the Internet has proved to a challenging task to the network administrators since the more they put hard security measure both in hardware and software forms, the more attacks are being targeted and executed on their networks. This has led to the introduction of integrated firewall appliances e.g. gateways and routers, that handle both the work of data transmission and data screening at the perimeter wall. Clients in SOHO network depend a lot on emails. These emails can be outbound or inbound. Both should be screened at the firewall level to ensure that only legitimate emails are given access to the network. Emails carry attachments and security compromisers have always been bent on imitating their attacks using email attachment that contain worms, Trojans, spyware or even a malware. These embedded threats once that gain access to the network would cause undesired trouble in the stability of the network as some of them have the potential to iniatiate a denial of service attack. This attack is among the most hazardous on a network since the entire business is brought in to a halt. Another harmful attack would be the one initiated with intent

The Admissibility of Expert Witnesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Admissibility of Expert Witnesses - Essay Example The battle of dueling experts has become somewhat counterproductive, with the reputations and persuasiveness of the experts involved becoming more important than the objective evidence they can provide. It is now possible to join The Society of Expert Witnesses in the UK. The motto of the organization, quisque ad praestantiam nitens is, ironically, translated with a lack of expertise to "each towards excellence striving" - when "each striving towards excellence" is surely the correct wording in modern English. The Society was only founded in 1995, but the Latin motto shows that it is attempting to suggest that it is somehow an established part of the legal system rather than a relative newcomer. Of course brevity of existence is no judgment of quality, but the attempt to create the sense of history that does not exist perhaps is. The definition of an expert witness has gone through a long development. Formal education in a subject is not necessarily needed, as was established as early as R. v. Silverlock (1894), in which a solicitor who had studied handwriting for more than ten years was accepted as an expert even though he had no formal training in the subject. R. V. Robb (1991) established a similar principle and qualified it through saying that the finder of fact (Judge or Jury) should be the one that decides how much weight to give to it. Thus the degree of "expertise" (or otherwise) shown by the expert witness should be decided by the finder of fact. The Society gives a succinct description of both expert and expert witness on its welcome page on the Internet. While these are not formal definitions found within the law, they are at least a starting point for the consideration of contributors to the trial whose role is somewhat uncertain. There is no comprehensive definition of "expert witness", so the Society may well be a help in studying such: An expert is anyone with knowledge or experience of a particular field of discipline beyond what is expected of a layman. An expert witness is an expert who makes his or her knowledge available to a court (or other judicial or quasi-judicial body) to help it understand the issues of a case and reach a sound and just decision. 1 The definition of expert would seem to be extraordinarily broad, and would include large segments of the population within an increasingly specialized society. No mention is made of educational qualifications, let alone the graduate degrees that might be expected for one who calls herself an expert. The Society seems to be attempting to have as broad a definition as possible for "expert", which is logical as its first listed aim is to assist "members in running their expert witness business by any suitable means."2 The fact that being an expert witness can now become a full time source of self-employment may be starkly contrasted to the early days of expert witnesses in the early to mid Twentieth Century, when they were experts within their fields (often scientific or forensic in

Decisison Making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decisison Making - Assignment Example In tactical operations, MIS helps in organizing information that pertains to resource levels and production capacities of an organization (Bagad, V.S.2009, 39). This may help in instilling efficiency in a supply chain. In operational strategies, the MIS may help in gathering data for items such as attendance, schedules, and types of equipment. This may help in organizing employee trainings (Sousa, K., & Oz, E. 2014, 89). The network can follow three paths. To begin with, the A activity may occur first, followed by the B activity, and finally the F activity. Alternatively, the activities may occur in the A, B, D, and G sequence. Lastly, the activities may occur in the B, E, and G sequence. All these three paths qualify as critical paths. Following the three paths saves on time that would be spent on following the seven activities sequentially. ARR (Average Rate of Return) and NPV (Net Present Value) are measures of appraisal that accords the value of a project before it commences. These measures deal with projections rather than real-time recording of data. ARR is a measure of profitability that relates income to investments. In this sense, both income and investments are measured in accounting terms (Harris, E. 2012, 78). ARR occurs by dividing average income, after depreciation, by the initial investment. NPV is a time-adjusted appraisal measure that discounts the present value of future cash flows (Rogers, M., & Duffy, A. 2012, 102). NPV equals the sum of the present value of future returns associated with a

Museum Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Museum Report - Essay Example One of the practitioners of this style of painting was Paul Cezanne, a French painter, though some critics put him in the post-impressionist period. However a study of his works show that many of his paintings have the characteristics associated with the impressionist style (Impressionist 3). One example of Cezanne's work that exemplifies his style of painting is the 'Farmhouse and Chestnut Trees at Jas-de-Bouffan' the Cezanne family estate at Aix in the south of France. Cezzane's early work did not meet with much success, and it is only later, once introduced to this style of art that the "black and morbid atmosphere of his paintings gradually changes as he concentrates on landscape subjects" (Expo, Paul Cezanne). Moreover, impressionist paintings feature "short 'broken' strokes of pure untinted and unmixed color" (Impressionism 2) and these characteristics are very much in evidence in this painting, especially in the manner in which the leaves have been painted. This aspect has to be viewed in the backdrop of the technique then in vogue of "having an almost smooth surface of the canvas without visible brush strokes" (Impressionism 2). Another feature of this painting which also fits the Impressionist style is the absence of define lines to determine the edges of various objects, which is true of the chestnut tree

EasyJet A No Frills Airline Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EasyJet A No Frills Airline - Assignment Example Business level strategy means the vital decisions which are implemented by the company for a long period of time. It affects the business operational activities. These strategies help the company to gain competitive advantages in the market. Companies can focus on individual customers by implementing this strategy (Assael, 2005). EasyJet low cost business process provides many competitive advantages to the business. â€Å"No frills† strategy helps this airline company to earn a good amount of profit from its business. It attracts a large number of passengers, who contributes a lot in business growth of the company. A model of competitive advantage will show a clearer picture. The diagram below shows resources coupled with capabilities and competencies will lead to cost advantage which in turn paves the path of value creation. The competitive strategy used by EasyJet contributes a lot in its growth and success of the company. By this strategy the firm improves its performance and makes its performance better than its competitors. It helps the company to earn more profit. This competitive strategy of the firm creates high economic value which beats its competitors (Assael, 2005). EasyJet low cost strategy offer low fares service to its customer. In its generic strategy the company follows cost leadership process (Assael, 2005). The company believes in the thing that it can make money flying its aircraft three times a day by maintaining low cost (Baker and Hart, 2008). For this reason the firm operates its flight service approximately in 600 routes covering 30 countries. It operates its business in a limited market space. This competitive strategy contributes a lot in developing its business position in the market. EasyJet operates its business in a large scale. This helps the company to lower its business cost for economies of scale. The firm has expanded its market for globalizing its business operation. Its primary

Should Pluto be considered as a Planet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should Pluto be considered as a Planet - Essay Example In the end around 2700 astronomers agreed that the solar system be divided into two categories called 'Planet' and 'Dwarf Planet'. Pluto being put in the category of 'Dwarf Planet' that means it will no longer be placed in the company of eight planets viz. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. A new distinct class of objects called 'Dwarf planets was decided with Ceres, Pluto and 2003 UB313 (temporary name) being the first three members of this club. When Pluto was discovered, in 1930 astronomers assumed that it had a mass comparable to Earth's. Only gradually, in the ensuing decades, did celestial mechanicals come to realize that this grossly overestimated. Pluto turned out to be less than 1% of Earth's size. With the advent of powerful new telescopes on the ground and in space, planetary astronomy has gone though an exciting development over the past decade and we are bound to find many more dwarf planets in future, if we continue placing them all in the list of 'Planets', in the company of Earth moon then we'll doing injustice to this elite club members having such distinctive features as life, air, water, atmosphere etc. Astronomy, the branch of physics studying celestial bodies, gives room for improvements and evolutions with newer discoveries. Since the time in 1930 when Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto, many similar objects were discovered in the outer solar system, most notably the Trans-Neptunian object Eris which is slightly larger than Pluto. If we continue to treat Pluto as a Planet, it is bound to give room for more debates for including some more names in the list. Pluto is very unlike its inner neighbors, the gas giants Uranus and Neptune. This thought led to the exclusion of Pluto from the refurbished Hayden Planetarium in New York City when it unveiled its spiral planet walk. This goes on to prove that Pluto's place in the list was being doubted for long. We now know of thousands of small icy bodies in a zone called the Kuiper Belt and at least 100 of them are like Pluto. Studies are still on to look for many more. The article states that 'there are two fundamentally different ways to define planets. One is to treat the planets as dynamically interacting ensemble with bodies that perturb each other gravitationally. This approach is what led to Pluto originally being considered as massive as the Earth-to account for the perturbations on Neptune and Uranus that were supposedly the basis of Percival Lowell's prediction of a trans-Neptunian planet. But as the decade rolled by, astronomers realized that apparent irregularities in the motions of the outer planets were attribution to an erroneous mass assigned to Neptune. Pluto, discovered by coincidence roughly where Lowell said it should be, is actually an irrelevant lightweight compared to the main family of planets.' Pluto, Eris and others require to be studied and analyzed further, before we arrive

Toyota Hr Policies Essay Example for Free

Toyota Hr Policies Essay INTRODUCTION Toyota is one of the worlds largest automobile manufacturers, selling over 8.8 million models in 2006 on all five continents. A Top 10 Fortune Global 500 enterprise, Toyota ranks among the worlds leading global corporations and is proud to be the most admired automaker, an achievement the company believes stems from its dedication to customer satisfaction. Toyota has been shaped by a set of values and principles that have their roots in the companys formative years in Japan. The Toyota story begins in the late 19th century, when Sakichi Toyoda invented Japan’s first power loom, which was to revolutionize the country’s textile industry. In January 1918, Sakichi founded the Toyoda Spinning Weaving Company, and with the help of his son, Kiichiro Toyoda, he fulfilled his lifelong dream of building an automatic loom in 1924. Two years later, he established Toyoda Automatic Loom Works. Like his father, Kiichiro was an innovator, and during his visits to Europe and the U.S. in the 1920s, he became deeply interested in the nascent automotive industry. Making the most of the  £100,000 that Sakichi Toyoda received for selling the patent rights of his automatic loom, Kiichiro laid the foundations of Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC), which was established in 1937. From looms to cars, the Toyota experience has been shaped by extending the boundaries of manufacturing. GENERAL HR POLICIES The Toyota company-wide culture is the key ingredient in its success as the global leader in operational excellence. They achieved by the following means * Attracting, developing, and engaging exceptional people * Encouraging problem solving at all levels of your organization * Making management accountable to employees * Inspiring your people to be committed to the company, family, and community * Turning your HR department into the arbitrators of fair and consistent daily practices DIVERSITY AND EQUAL OPPURTUNITY 1. Toward Promotion of Womens ParticipationIn 2002, based on the principle of respecting diversity and with the aim of reforming management throughout the company, Toyota set its sights on womens participation, reviewing its arrangement with regard to female employees, and taking steps to put a better environment in place. In order to promote the creation of an environment more conducive to participation by motivated female employees, Toyota has made a three-pronged effort to: * Help enable women to work and raise children at the same time; * Assist in womens career building, * Reform the working environment and employee awareness. Toyota has also introduced flexible working arrangements and constructed child-care facilities at business sites. 2. EMPLOYMENT FOR DISABLED PERSONAs of March 2003, Toyota employed about 800 disabled people in many kinds of positions at various workplaces. Toyota believes in helping the disabled achieve autonomy within society, and makes it a basic rule to have them work together with other employees. Human consideration is given to the conditions of their disability at the business sites and ways are devised to accommodate them in workplace facilities so as to create a workplace environment that is safe and easy to work in. As of the end of March 2003, Toyotas disabled employee’s ratio was 1.95%, exceeding the 1.8% Legal Employment Quota.| 3. TOYOTA CHILD CARE BUBU LANDIn March 2003, the Toyota Child Care Bubu Land, an on-site childcare facility (in Toyota City, Head Office area), was opened so that all employees, both male and female, who wished to continue working while raising children could do so without worry. The facility has many useful features, which include having a resident nurse on the staff and staying open until 10:30 pm. One female employee using the facility (with a one-year-old child in care) expressed her sentiments in the following way: Its located at the company, so drop-off and pick-up are easy, and I can continue working without having to worry if extra work should suddenly crop up. PRACTICE OF THE TOYOTA WAY| Toyota Way| Values and ways of thinking that should be held by those working for Toyota| Toyota problem-solving techniques| Techniques for improving current conditions in order to realize ideal working conditions| Ji Kotei-Kanketsu (Built-in quality with ownership)| How to work in order to continually produce the best output| Education of subordinates| Systems for training subordinates through ones daily work| Policy management| Managing implementation items that should be initiated in order to accomplish workplace missions and create new value| Basic skills| Minimum skills necessary for production line work| Production skills| * Knowledge regarding recognizing irregularities and work points * Trouble-shooting capability| Skills and Roles of Management and Supervision| * Manager and supervisor skills for soundly managing standard operations * | | ICT PROGRAM FOR SELF-RELIANCE OF AFFILIATES AND CONTRIBUTION TO LOCAL COMMUNITIESIn order to promote self-reliance in overseas affiliates, the ICT (Intra Company Transferee) program temporarily transfers employees of overseas affiliates to TMC for human resource development through on-the-job training. Transferees learn skills and know-how throughout their training periods which range from six months to three years. As of the end of April 2012, a total of 450 transferees from 48 affiliates in 27 countries were working in Japan under the program| |

Gravimetric Determination of Chloride | Lab Report

Gravimetric Determination of Chloride | Lab Report This experiment was done to determine the amount of chloride ions present in a known Sodium Chloride sample and an unknown sample by Argentometric method. Silver nitrate solution of 0.2 M was added slowly to the aqueous solution of 0.50 g test sample while continuously stirring and the chloride was precipitated as silver chloride. This precipitate was filtered, dried and weighed. Then the average percentage of chloride present in the known NaCl and the unknown sample was determined to be 65.40% and 24.98% respectively. Introduction of gravimetric determination of chloride The use of silver nitrate to form the precipitate of silver chloride and gravimetrically determine the amount of chloride present in the sample is one of the most common methods employed in lab. Any inorganic compound containing halogen can be made into aqueous solution and treated by silver nitrate to obtain the precipitates of silver halide. The reaction involved is as follows: Ag+  +  X−  (aq) → AgX (precipitate) where  X−  =  Cl−,  Br−, or  I−. In this lab, chloride salt was used as test sample. The salts (both known and unknown) were treated with silver nitrate to obtain white precipitates of silver chloride. The silver chloride was initially formed as colloidal solution. After subsequent heating, nucleation process was dominated by particle growth and the precipitates separated out as coagulated mass. During this procedure, the pH of the solution is kept slightly acidic by addition of Nitric acid. The acidic pH eliminates the interference by anions (like carbonate and sulphides) of weak acid (www.wikipedia.org). Otherwise, these anions can from sparingly soluble silver salt in neutral pH. Similarly, the silver nitrate is also added in a little excess to enhance the formation and diminish the solubility of silver chloride (Le Chateliers Principle). Moreover, the combined action of moderately high pH and slightly excess silver nitrate promotes the coagulation of the silver chloride precipitate by formation of dielectric layer (Skoog, 317-319). During the experiment, if the precipitate of silver chloride is exposed to light, it photo-decomposes to give elemental silver and chlorine gas. The elemental silver (violet color seen in precipitate) combines with other chloride ion to from silver chloride. However, due to the chloride that escaped as gas, the product is lost and that gives low yield (www.cooper.edu). Although, in practice, the amount of silver chloride nitrate that decomposed is negligible, it is better to avoid exposure to direct light. The photodecomposition formula is as follows: 2 AgCl (s)  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  2 Ag (s) + Cl2  (g) 3 C12  (aq) + 3 H2O (l) + 5 Ag+  (aq)  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  5 AgCl (s) + C1O3-(aq) + 6 H+(aq) Materials and Methods: Materials: Equipments Three 400 mL Beakers Three fritted funnels Heating plate Graduated cylinder Aluminum foil Analytical balance Hot oven Desiccators Chemicals Sodium Chloride (0.50 g) Unknown sample (0.50 g) Silver nitrate solution (0.2 M) Nitric acid (concentrated and 6 M) Ammonium Hydroxide or Ammonia in water (6 M) Distilled water Methods: Procedure Three 400 mL beakers and three fritted funnels were cleaned, dried and labeled properly. By using the analytical balance 0.50 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) salt was weighed and dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water in each beaker. Slowly, with continuous stirring, 0.2 M of silver nitrate was added to each beaker until the coagulation of silver chloride was observed. Then, 3 to 6 mL of 6 M of nitric acid was added to each beaker. The mixtures in the beakers were heated to digest the solution for ten minutes. Small volume of silver nitrate was added periodically while heating the beakers until the solution stopped becoming cloudy upon the addition of silver nitrate, confirming that the reaction was complete. The precipitate of each beaker was filtered through the pre-weighed fritted funnel. The precipitates were washed up to eight times with distilled water mixed with 0.5% of 6 M Nitric acid. (1 mL concentrated HNO3 in 200 mL distilled water). The funnels along with their contents were wrapped in the aluminum foil and placed in the oven at 120oC for ninety minutes. The funnels were taken out and placed in desiccators to cool to room temperature. The mass of the fritted funnels and their respective contents were determined by using analytical balance and subtracting the weight of fritted funnel from that of fritted funnel and its contents combined. All the above procedures were repeated fro the unknown sample. Cleaning fritted funnel Concentrated nitric acid was allowed to stand in each funnel for five minutes. Using a vacuum the acid was drawn out and disposed in proper waste container. Each crucible was rinsed with three portion of water. Then, 5 mL of 6 M ammonium hydroxide was added, and after five minutes it was drawn out through the filter. Each crucible was rinsed with six to eight portion distilled water. The crucibles were placed in oven at 110oC for about ninety minutes to dry them to constant weight. The funnels were taken out and cooled in the desiccators. The crucibles were weighed, three times each, to ensure they give constant mass. (If not, heating and drying wouldve been repeated.) Results: Sample weight = 0.050 g Gravimetric factor (GF)= Cl− formula weight/AgCl formula weight = 35.45/143.3214 = 0.2473 Percentage of Chloride = Wight of AgCl precipitate weighed (g) * G.F. * 100 Sample weight (g) Discussion of gravimetric determination of chloride: The percentage of Chloride in the known sodium chloride salt and the unknown sample was determined to be 65.40% and 24.977% respectively via gravimetric method. In theory, the percentage of chloride in sodium chloride salt is 60.66%. The variation in the percentage of chloride in the known sample may have been resulted by impurity in the sample or due to the random error during experiment. This experiment is the classical example of the precipitation reaction where the formation of dielectric layer of silver chloride stabilized by nitrate ions takes place. Upon the addition of silver nitrate in the aqueous solution of the salt, the formation of the silver chloride occurs as a colloid. Slightly excess silver nitrate is added and also nitric acid is added to raise the concentration of the nitrate ion in the solution for two reasons. The first reason is to prevent the solubility of the silver chloride precipitates that are formed as precipitate. The second reason is to enhance particle growth and the formation of the dielectric layer (Skoog, 317-319). The precipitates formed are formed as colloids. Since colloids are stable molecules, it is necessary to heat, stir and add more electrolyte (nitrate) to obtain particle growth by the process of adsorption. The colloid obtained is made of silver chloride as primary adsorption layer and nitrate ions make up the counter-ion layer to stabilize the system. Continued heating ruptures the counter ion layer and promotes stabilization by the nitrate ions produced by the addition of slightly excess silver nitrate and nitric acid (Skoog, 317-319). However, addition of too much silver nitrate is avoided to prevent the co-precipitation of the silver nitrate. Nitric acid is used in the reaction mixture as well as to wash the precipitates formed. Washing with nitric acid ensures that the precipitates will be preserved because washing with water may dissolve it (Lab Handout). The precipitate thus obtained was weighed to determine the percentage of chloride present in the starting sample. This process can be employed quantitatively to determine the purity of the sample. In many cases, precipitation reaction of silver halides is qualitatively used to identify whether the inorganic compound consists of halides. In this lab however, the silver nitrate was used to quantitatively determine the percentage of chloride present in the samples. The known sample of Sodium chloride seems to have impurity because it gave more percentage of chloride than theoretically expected. But, the identity of unknown sample was unknown and jus by analyzing the percentage of chloride ion nothing can be said about its identity.

Financing Transport Projects Essay -- essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites The role of government in facilitating transport projects is inevitable. But governments are monopolists and largely cannot be trusted with the efficient allocation of resources, not to mention the problem of corruption. So, the less the state is involved the better off everyone is. Transport has gone a full circle. Until the beginning of the 17th century it was largely privately financed. The state took over until the last two decades of the twentieth century. And now there is a revival of the involvement of the private sector in financing infrastructure. Additionally, transport has become a commodity and is securitized, as we shall see. All social (or public) goods carry social costs and bring on negative externalities (such as environmental damage). Embedded in every public good there is a moral hazard - others bear a disproportionate part of the costs while the perpetrators go "free". This is why accurate statistics, forecasting and cost benefit analysis systems are a must. I am not talking only about cost coverage calculations but also about finding ways to impose on the users of transport infrastructure the real costs of their actions. This is known today as "user pays" charging schemes. But to do so, the state needs to know what ARE these costs. This is one way of forcing the private sector to participate in t...